Continued from previous page.
(You can find lists of Wendish words in Migmaq and Cree, and their numerous similarities in grammatical structure, under the heading Wendish in Migmaq and Wendish in Cree, elsewhere on this site.)
A likely link between Wendish Illyrians and Migmaqs
Wendish is the only language that qualifies for the position of the original Indo-European language because it is the only surviving language which maintains its archaic complicated grammatical structure, including its dual and neutral, and because it is the only language amply represented in all Indo-European languages, ancient and modern: in Sanskrit, Ancient Greek, Latin, all modern Romance, Slavic and Germanic languages. I found a fair number of Wendish words even in Finnish, Albanian and Basque, all of them languages which are not considered Indo-European, but reveal contacts with Wends.
Even Hungarian, regarded by linguists as a member of the Ugric-Uralic language family, is in fact based on Wendish and retains a substantial Wendish vocabulary. I mention Hungarian here because I found some fascinating links between Migmaqs and Wends who were living in Hungary. Wends had farmed the fertile Pannonian Plain – where Hungary is located today - at least since the 5th millennium B.C., verified by recent discoveries of perfectly constructed deep wells, needed by permanently settled farmers. Between the 4th and 10th century A.D., Wendish farmers were plundered and their settlements pillaged by nomadic Huns and Magyars, who later decided to settle among them permanently and intermarried with them, creating in the process a new language, today's Hungarian. This is clearly reflected in its structure, a blend of Wendish and Turkic.
Prior to the expansion of Rome, Wends had a large state of their own in this area, called Illyria, Illyricum in Latin. In the west, Illyria bordered on Wendish Norig/Noricum, home of my Wendish ancestry and the cradle of the Hallstatt culture. Norig's territories lay between Northern Italy and the Danube, bordered on Vindelicia and Raetia (present Bavaria and Switzerland) in the west, and on Wendish Illyria in the east. This was the political landscape in these areas prior to Roman and Christian invasions. The linguistic landscape was at that time very simple, Wendish dialects were still spoken throughout.
The Illyrian state covered the entire Pannonian plain - including present Vienna, called by Romans Vindobona, the good Windish town - and all the territories south of the Pannonian plain, most of present Croatia and Serbia, including the Dalmatian coast. I am mentioning Wendish Illyria in my article because, in my opinion, as I mentioned, there is a likely and fascinating connection between Wends in Illyria and Migmaqs.
Illyrians spoke an eastern Wendish dialect, whose last remnants are still spoken by a few thousand Wends in south-western Hungary, south-eastern Austria and north-eastern Slovenia. It is called Prekmurski dialect. In it appears the interesting word guchat, to speak, pronounced goochat. Wendish dialects in the rest of Europe use instead the word goworit, to speak. In addition, an ancient script, glagolitsa, was known throughout Illyria, inclusive the Adriatic coast. All these words appear also in the Migmaq language, along with hundreds of other Wendish roots and words.
This seems to indicate that eastern, Pannonian Wends, and not west-European or Scandinavian Wends – though closer to North America - had influenced the Migmaq language. At first blush, one would regard this assumption preposterous. However, to me, it makes a lot of sense and even helps to pinpoint the approximate times of at least one Wendish migration into North America. Without this linguistic indicator, this would have been almost impossible, because of the astounding antiquity of the Wendish language. In my opinion, contact between Illyria and North America, or contacts, must have occurred between the 4th and mid-1st century B.C.
Wends had farmed and fished on the Adriatic coast since the 9th millennium B.C. which is confirmed by archaeological finds and DNA analysis. During their wars against Macedonia in the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C., Romans needed Illyrian coastal lands for their legions, supplies and equipment needed in Greece. During these centuries Illyrians were constantly warring with Romans, in their attempts to remain free. Their final resistance was broken only by Caesar's rival, the Great Pompeius, in the wars euphemistically called by Romans “wars against Mediterranean pirates”. These “pirates” were obviously the legitimate inhabitants of various Mediterranean states, defending their own coasts against Roman aggression and incursions into their territories. After the Carthaginian Hannibal's scare in Italy, Romans became determined to acquire full naval control of the entire Mediterranean and its coasts, from Asia Minor to Gibraltar. This included the Illyrian Adriatic coast.
After their final defeat, Illyrians were cruelly punished by Pompeius for having so stubbornly resisted the mighty Rome. He ordered the survivors of the final battle to leave their ancient homes on the coast for good and resettle in the interior of their country, i.e., Illyria. As farmers and mariners since times immemorial, these coastal Illyrian Wends most likely refused to follow Pompeius orders, took to their boats, and sailed for America. Wends had been aware of America's existence already in the Bronze Age, when their ancestors, builders of Megalithic astronomical structures and Sun-worshippers, had spread their culture throughout the globe. I am making this bold assertion because, as I have mentioned before, I have found traces of their language on all continents, wherever Megalithic structures and burial mounds are found.
That coastal Illyrians were Wends is confirmed on oldest Roman maps. On them their territory is marked as inhabited by the Tolenti tribe. Tolenti is the Roman spelling of the word Dolenti/Dolentsi. A small group of Wends in the most south-eastern corner of Slovenia, closest to the Dalmatian coast, still call themselves Dolentsi. They also have legends about their wars against Romans. One of them tells about the destruction of their ancient fortress-town Metlika. Besieged by Romans, when their food ran out, its inhabitants instead of surrendering preferred to die in a communal suicide, after having burned down their town. That there was much fighting in front of this city's walls prior to its destruction, is shown by gold inlaid swords and shields excavated in its vicinity. Romans never used gold in their armour, Wends did. They were also known for their ubiquitous gold torques. Caesar's main reason for attacking Wendish territories in Gaul was his urgent need for gold, to pay off his debts and his soldiers salaries, to ensure their loyalty when he was fighting for the leadership of Rome.
(You can find lists of Wendish words in Migmaq and Cree, and their numerous similarities in grammatical structure, under the heading Wendish in Migmaq and Wendish in Cree, elsewhere on this site.)
A likely link between Wendish Illyrians and Migmaqs
Wendish is the only language that qualifies for the position of the original Indo-European language because it is the only surviving language which maintains its archaic complicated grammatical structure, including its dual and neutral, and because it is the only language amply represented in all Indo-European languages, ancient and modern: in Sanskrit, Ancient Greek, Latin, all modern Romance, Slavic and Germanic languages. I found a fair number of Wendish words even in Finnish, Albanian and Basque, all of them languages which are not considered Indo-European, but reveal contacts with Wends.
Even Hungarian, regarded by linguists as a member of the Ugric-Uralic language family, is in fact based on Wendish and retains a substantial Wendish vocabulary. I mention Hungarian here because I found some fascinating links between Migmaqs and Wends who were living in Hungary. Wends had farmed the fertile Pannonian Plain – where Hungary is located today - at least since the 5th millennium B.C., verified by recent discoveries of perfectly constructed deep wells, needed by permanently settled farmers. Between the 4th and 10th century A.D., Wendish farmers were plundered and their settlements pillaged by nomadic Huns and Magyars, who later decided to settle among them permanently and intermarried with them, creating in the process a new language, today's Hungarian. This is clearly reflected in its structure, a blend of Wendish and Turkic.
Prior to the expansion of Rome, Wends had a large state of their own in this area, called Illyria, Illyricum in Latin. In the west, Illyria bordered on Wendish Norig/Noricum, home of my Wendish ancestry and the cradle of the Hallstatt culture. Norig's territories lay between Northern Italy and the Danube, bordered on Vindelicia and Raetia (present Bavaria and Switzerland) in the west, and on Wendish Illyria in the east. This was the political landscape in these areas prior to Roman and Christian invasions. The linguistic landscape was at that time very simple, Wendish dialects were still spoken throughout.
The Illyrian state covered the entire Pannonian plain - including present Vienna, called by Romans Vindobona, the good Windish town - and all the territories south of the Pannonian plain, most of present Croatia and Serbia, including the Dalmatian coast. I am mentioning Wendish Illyria in my article because, in my opinion, as I mentioned, there is a likely and fascinating connection between Wends in Illyria and Migmaqs.
Illyrians spoke an eastern Wendish dialect, whose last remnants are still spoken by a few thousand Wends in south-western Hungary, south-eastern Austria and north-eastern Slovenia. It is called Prekmurski dialect. In it appears the interesting word guchat, to speak, pronounced goochat. Wendish dialects in the rest of Europe use instead the word goworit, to speak. In addition, an ancient script, glagolitsa, was known throughout Illyria, inclusive the Adriatic coast. All these words appear also in the Migmaq language, along with hundreds of other Wendish roots and words.
This seems to indicate that eastern, Pannonian Wends, and not west-European or Scandinavian Wends – though closer to North America - had influenced the Migmaq language. At first blush, one would regard this assumption preposterous. However, to me, it makes a lot of sense and even helps to pinpoint the approximate times of at least one Wendish migration into North America. Without this linguistic indicator, this would have been almost impossible, because of the astounding antiquity of the Wendish language. In my opinion, contact between Illyria and North America, or contacts, must have occurred between the 4th and mid-1st century B.C.
Wends had farmed and fished on the Adriatic coast since the 9th millennium B.C. which is confirmed by archaeological finds and DNA analysis. During their wars against Macedonia in the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C., Romans needed Illyrian coastal lands for their legions, supplies and equipment needed in Greece. During these centuries Illyrians were constantly warring with Romans, in their attempts to remain free. Their final resistance was broken only by Caesar's rival, the Great Pompeius, in the wars euphemistically called by Romans “wars against Mediterranean pirates”. These “pirates” were obviously the legitimate inhabitants of various Mediterranean states, defending their own coasts against Roman aggression and incursions into their territories. After the Carthaginian Hannibal's scare in Italy, Romans became determined to acquire full naval control of the entire Mediterranean and its coasts, from Asia Minor to Gibraltar. This included the Illyrian Adriatic coast.
After their final defeat, Illyrians were cruelly punished by Pompeius for having so stubbornly resisted the mighty Rome. He ordered the survivors of the final battle to leave their ancient homes on the coast for good and resettle in the interior of their country, i.e., Illyria. As farmers and mariners since times immemorial, these coastal Illyrian Wends most likely refused to follow Pompeius orders, took to their boats, and sailed for America. Wends had been aware of America's existence already in the Bronze Age, when their ancestors, builders of Megalithic astronomical structures and Sun-worshippers, had spread their culture throughout the globe. I am making this bold assertion because, as I have mentioned before, I have found traces of their language on all continents, wherever Megalithic structures and burial mounds are found.
That coastal Illyrians were Wends is confirmed on oldest Roman maps. On them their territory is marked as inhabited by the Tolenti tribe. Tolenti is the Roman spelling of the word Dolenti/Dolentsi. A small group of Wends in the most south-eastern corner of Slovenia, closest to the Dalmatian coast, still call themselves Dolentsi. They also have legends about their wars against Romans. One of them tells about the destruction of their ancient fortress-town Metlika. Besieged by Romans, when their food ran out, its inhabitants instead of surrendering preferred to die in a communal suicide, after having burned down their town. That there was much fighting in front of this city's walls prior to its destruction, is shown by gold inlaid swords and shields excavated in its vicinity. Romans never used gold in their armour, Wends did. They were also known for their ubiquitous gold torques. Caesar's main reason for attacking Wendish territories in Gaul was his urgent need for gold, to pay off his debts and his soldiers salaries, to ensure their loyalty when he was fighting for the leadership of Rome.
Continued on next page.
